Archive for July, 2011
Language Condition in Balkan Region
Serbia and Montenegro appeared the public name of the state as of February 4, 2003, because of the process of transformation of the country formerly known as The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Serbia and Montenegro is the largest part of the dissolved SFRY and made up of two republics: Serbia and Montenegro.
Within Serbia, there are two quasi-independent regions, Vojvodina and Kosovo. Kosovo was under the supervision of the UN from 1999. Language politics and manipulations of time, title standards and names of different tongues played an important part in the number of ethnical unrests that took place from 1990 to 1999 and it is still a super delicate issue in the whole territory of the Balkans. Best translate into Italian
The official tongue of the Republic of Serbia is Serbian (with over 6 000 000 speakers in the area of Serbia aside from Kosovo, or 88% of the inhabitants); an equal judicial status is given to both the Cyrillic and the Roman spelling, although the former is preferred for Serbian authorities. Minority languages, which are also in governmental disposal in the parts where they are spoken, are Hungarian (in line with the 2002 census data of the StatsOffice of the Republic of Serbia, approximated at 286 500 natives), Bosnian (134 500 speakers), Romanian (82 000 speakers), Albanian (63 500 speakers), Slovakian (57 500 speakers), Valachian (55 000 speakers), Romanian (34 500 speakers), Croatian (27 500 speakers), Bulgarian (16 500 speakers), and Macedonian (14 500 speakers). Minority tongues are used at all stages of education: in early schools, high schools, and at technical schools and universities. One linguistic effect of the political and ethnic processes of the last decade of XX century is that the language that used to be officially called Serbo-Croat has received several new ethnically and politically based titles. Thus, the names Bosnian, Croat and Serbianare governmentally determined and refer to the same tongue with acceptable slight variations. The language has two major dialects, Ekavian and Ijekavian.
But, in general, Ekavian is spread more in Serbia (and parts of Croatia), and Ijekavian is spoken more in Montenegro (and also in Bosnia, Herzegovina, and parts of Croatia), these dialects do not coincide with the nationally based titles.
The language map in Kosovo is less clear at present, as about 300 000 refugees from this province, predominantly Serbs, are still on the stage of returning to their homes. This fact makes the numbers of speakers reported unpredictable. These days, according to the authority of Kosovo, about 1 670 000, or 88% of the citizens of Kosovo, speak Albanian, and about 133 000, or 7%, are speakers of Serbian. The remains of the people (5%) speaks mostly Romanian, Bosnian, Greek. HQ-translate: from English into Greek translation
The official tongue of the Republic of Montenegro is Serbian, but there are modern developments to introduce the term Montenegrin, either equal to or as a replacement to the name Serbian. Similar as with Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian, this term refers to the one language that used to be named Serbo-Croat, and is rather a matter of political resolutions and convictions.
The Cyrillic and the Roman spelling are officially in use. The 2003 census data from the Statistical Institute of the Republic of Montenegro demonstrate that about 401 500, or 60% of the citizens of Montenegro, recognize themselves as speakers of Serbian, about 145 000 (22%) speak Montenegrin, nearly 49 500 (7%) speak Albanian, 29 000 (4%) are speakers of Bosnian, and approx. 3000 speak either Croatian or Romany.
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